Post+1945

Following the end of World War II, international and domestic courts held trials for accused war criminals. On December 17, 1942, the leaders of Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union finally acknowledged the mass murder of European Jews, issuing the first declaration of this event. They decided to prosecute those responsible for these flagitious crimes.
 * 1) **Postwar Trials - Olivia **

 The October 1943 Moscow Declaration, which was signed by the foreign secretaries of the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, explained that the people deemed responsible for the crimes would be sent to the countries in which the crime was committed. Accordingly, the criminals would be governed and judged by the laws of the nation concerned. The best-known of these trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany, before the International Military Tribunal (IMT), where criminals were judged by people representing the Allied Powers.

Each of the Allied Powers, the Soviet Union, France, Britain, and the United States, sent a judge and a group of prosecutors for these trials. Sadly, Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Joseph Goebbels were never put on trial, because they had committed suicide before the end of the war. Twenty two of the so-called "major" criminals were tried, twelve of whom were sentenced to death, including Hans Frank, Alfred Rosenberg, and Julius Streicher. Three criminals were sentenced to life imprisonment, four criminals to 10-20 years of imprisonment, and three criminals were acquitted of their charges.  Between December 1946 and April 1949, U.S. courts tried 177 criminals, winning only a total of 97 convictions. Most of these post-war trials tried the low-ranking people involved in the war. Since 1945, nations all over the world have tried defendants of the war crimes, including Romania, France, the former Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Thousands of defendants were tried, both German and indigenous. Many famous trials were held in Jerusalem and Israel, such as Adolf Eichmann's.

However, many people of the Nazi criminality were never tried or punished, much to the dismay of many people. For most of them, the criminals move on with their lives and get normal professions, going into hiding and camouflaging among the innocent, which is why the search for Nazi criminals still goes on today. 

**Displaced Persons Camps - Emmy **   During the Holocaust many, not only Jews, were taken and captured. A lot of the prisoners were murdered as well. Displaced persons camps were camps where victims of the Holocaust could stay while running from the Nazis. The United Nations Relief and   Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was a group of people who went into Germany in hopes of freeing Jews. After liberations, many victims began to try to search for members of their families, so the UNRRA founded the Central Tracing Bureau. After successes with this Bureau, there were many births and marriages in displaced persons camps (DP).

In the DP camps schools were soon established, and teachers were brought in from Israel to teach. Religious schools in camps were helping bring back Orthodox Judaism. Religious holidays were also highly celebrated in the DP camps. Many different Jewish volunteer agencies donated religious articles for everyday and holiday use. The residents of the camps turned them into active   cultural places, though conditions weren't always good. This was because the camps were often originally concentration camps. The residents did make the best they could of their living arrangements. They had athletic clubs in the camps, and got together with other camps to play against each other.   DP camps were one resolution the U.S. had for the Holocaust. The U.S. soldiers were devastated, and frozen in shock as they walked into the concentration camps. Soldiers were sent into the camps to free the people. This giant effort was only supposed to last a total of six months. This time was May to December of 1945. The UNRRA, with help from other groups, raided and released more then six million DP camps, mostly in eastern Europe. This wasn't the end, however, many more Jews were soon released. With help of many different people, Holocaust survivors were freed, and many are alive today. We should all take time to listen to their stories, and be thankful for our lives.  <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"> The Holocaust is one thing that will never be forgotten, for it left a long lasting tattoo on our society. It left a mark on everyone, but numbers, on only the survivors.

** Emigration - Sammy **

In World War II, about 7 million people, many Jews, were displaced and shipped elsewhere, most always Germany.
== Immigrants after 1945 were more likely to be refugees than before. Jews emigrated to different countries because they were displaced from their hometowns, which had been destroyed and raided in the Holocaust. ==

== Many countries limited Jewish immigrants from entering into their lands. Jews emigrated to countries around the world. Some of these countries include Australia, The United States, Great Britain, and Palestine. ==

== Many Jewish survivors of the Holocaust moved to countries that were liberated by the Western allies. These include Germany, Austria, and Italy. The Jewish survivors, who traveled to the occupation zones (displaced person shelters), were given food and clothing from The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. ==

== A lot of these Jewish survivors started their own governing organizations. Some of the ideas these organizations brought up were to have a Jewish state in Palestine, an idea first brought up by Theodore Hertzl in 1895. Eventually, in 1948, these organizations followed through with their proposal, and started a new state, which we now call Israel. ==